In order to help ensure a healthy mare and foal, after delivery it is important to be able to identify any early signs of neonatal disease. This is best accomplished by having a routine veterinary evaluation of the newborn foal and the mare within 8-18 hours after birth. This exam includes a careful observation and physical examination of the mare, foal and placenta. The mare is examined for adequate colostrum production, damage to the reproductive tract and any early indication of internal bleeding, colic, etc.
The foal is further assessed for maturity, congenital defects and early sighs of neonatal sepsis. The foal’s blood is then checked for adequate transfer of maternal immunity. If inadequate passive transfer occurs the newborn foal has little to no defense against infection, which often results in death. Early detection allows oral administration of colostrum with in an optimal window of time, less than 18 hours after birth. After that time, IV administration of antibodies is required, costing more and increasing the likelihood of neonatal sepsis occurring.
The earlier a problem is identified the better the outcome, so even an apparently healthy foal should be examined and have its blood antibody levels tested. An exam may need to be performed earlier than 8 hours if there is a problem. The 1-2-3 rule can help you assess if your foal and mare are progressing normally. A healthy foal should stand within 1 hour, start nursing with in 2 hours and pass the meconium (first feces) within 3 hours. Any other abnormalities such as poor milk production, foal rejection, excessive bleeding from the vulva or umbilicus, depression, colic, or a history of failure of passive transfer should be IMMEDIATELY brought to our attention. Please do not hesitate to call our office if you have any concerns.
REMEMBER
- Call our office immediately to schedule a foal check for 8-18 hours after foaling.
- Save the placenta (afterbirth.)
- Monitor the 1-2-3 rule.
- Call immediately if any problems arise.
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